Mu Budage gutunganya imyanda no gushyushya biyomasi, ibyuma byo mu itanura ni ingenzi cyane - umuvuduko w’ubushyuhe - urimo ibice byo guteka no gutwika. Bagena mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho byumutekano bikora, gukora neza, igihe kirekire {{3} costs amafaranga yo kubungabunga igihe no kubahiriza amabwiriza. Iyo ushakishije ubushyuhe - gresse idashobora kwihanganira hamwe nibice bifitanye isano, amatsinda yo kugura abadage babigize umwuga, amashyanyarazi OEM hamwe n’ibigo byita ku bimera byubahiriza ihame rikomeye ryo gutanga amasoko:kubahiriza mbere, imiterere ihindagurika, ireme ryiza kandi ryizewe- hamwe nigiciro gifatwa gusa nkicyiciro cya kabiri.
Iyi ngingo yanditswe ku cyemezo gifatika - cyo kureba icyerekezo cy’abaguzi ba nyuma b’Ubudage, iyi ngingo irasesengura byimazeyo ibyifuzo by’ibanze bitumizwa mu mahanga, uburyo bwo kugera ku isoko, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bitangwa ku isi, ingaruka z’amasoko hamwe n’inganda zigenda ziyongera ku isoko ry’Ubudage. Itanga ubumenyi bwumwuga, bukora kuri Sino - Ubufatanye bwubucuruzi bwubudage no kwagura ubucuruzi mumahanga.
I. Ibyifuzo Byibanze Byinjira: Politiki - Ibikenewe ku isoko rikomeye
Ubudage bubamo isi - ibirango bizwi cyane nka Martin, SBE na Babcock. Mugihe ibyo bicuruzwa bitanga imikorere yizewe, biza bifite ibibi byihariye: igiciro cyo hejuru, ibiciro birebire byizunguruka hamwe no gutanga ibicuruzwa bitinze. Igihe gisanzwe cyamezi 3-6 yo kuyobora ntigishobora kubahiriza kenshi, byihutirwa gusimburwa mubikoresho bya serivisi -. Nkigisubizo,DIN - yujuje, igiciro - cyiza kandi kigufi - kuyobora - igiheibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byahindutse isoko nyamukuru yo guhitamo isoko. Icyifuzo gikenewe cyane cyane kiri mubyiciro bitatu.
1. Gusaba Gusimbuza Gusaba Ibihingwa Bitwika Imyanda
Ubudage bushyira mu bikorwa imwe muri politiki zikaze z’imyanda ku isi, bugamije kugera ku gipimo kinini cy’imyanda y’imyanda ikabije ya 5% mu 2030. Kugeza ubu, inganda nini nini - n’inganda nini zo gutwika imyanda ya komini hamwe n’inganda nyinshi zangiza imyanda mu nganda zikora ubudahwema mu gihugu hose. Urusenda rw'itanura rushobora guhora hejuru - okiside yubushyuhe, isuri ya slag hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gusiganwa ku magare, bikaviramo kwambara buhoro buhoro, guhinduka no kwangirika.
Hamwe nogushira mubikorwa ibipimo ngenderwaho byangiza ibidukikije by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, impuzandengo ya serivisi ya sisitemu yo gusya yagabanutse kuva ku myaka 8 kugeza ku myaka 5.5. Bitewe nigiciro cyinshi cyabasimbuye OEM yumwimerere hamwe nubukererwe bwigihe kirekire biganisha kumasoko ahenze, abashoramari benshi batwika hamwe nabashoramari babigize umwuga bahitamo gutumiza ibicuruzwa byiza -, ubuziranenge bwa DIN - busanzwe bwo gusimbuza utubari hamwe nibice byogusubiramo kugirango bigerweho neza kandi bikoreshe neza.
2. Iterambere rishya ryisoko ryatewe na Politiki yingufu za Biomass
Inkunga y’ingamba z’igihugu z’Ubudage n’Ubudage n’ikigega cyayo cy’ingengo y’imari idasanzwe ingana na miliyari 7.9, guteranya biomass, gushyushya uturere n’imishinga yo gushyushya inganda bikomeje kwaguka. Imishinga mishya yujuje ibyangombwa yemerewe inkunga y’ishoramari igera kuri 70%, bigatuma isoko ryiyongera kandi rirambye.
Ibicanwa bisanzwe bya biomass mubudage nka chipi yimbaho, ibyatsi hamwe na pellet yubuhinzi birimo urugero rwinshi rwa metero ya alkali na chloride, byoroshye byoroshye kwangirika kwinshi - kwangirika no guturika. Ibi bishyiraho ibisabwa bikomeye kubisukuye byera, guta ubuziranenge hamwe no kurwanya - ruswa. Mugihe ibikoresho byumwimerere byubudage bihenze cyane kandi ubundi Abayapani & Koreya ubundi ntibabura ubushobozi bwo guhangana, ibiciro byabigenewe byakozwe nabashinwa babishoboye babishoboye bihuza neza nuburyo bubi bwo gukora bwa biomass yo mu Budage, bigatuma igisubizo kiboneka kubikoresho bishya byubatswe bito n'ibiciriritse -.
3. Icyifuzo gisubirwamo gisabwa Kubungabunga Inganda
Ubudage bugumana ibirindiro binini byashizwemo n’amakara mato mato mato - yatwitse amashyiga n’itanura ritunganya ubushyuhe. Ibi bikoresho bikora neza hamwe no kwambara byateganijwe, bigatuma hakenerwa icyifuzo cyo hagati - kwambara ubushyuhe - gusimbuza amashanyarazi. Iki gice cyibanze cyisoko gishyira imbere gutanga byihuse nibikorwa rusange.
II. Non - Ibiganiro byinjira mubudage byinjira: Ibikoresho, Impamyabumenyi hamwe ninyandiko
Amasoko y’inganda mu Budage akurikiza icyemezo gikomeye, gisanzwe - gufata logique:kubahiriza biganje kubiciro, kandi ibintu bihamye byiganjemo umuvuduko wo gutanga. Igicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose kitujuje ubuziranenge bwa DIN n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kizangwa byanze bikunze - impamvu y’ibanze yo kunanirwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa.
1.
Kugenzura ibikoresho byubudage, kwiyandikisha no kugenzura tekiniki byerekana gusa ibikoresho bya DIN. Indangamanota zisanzwe zo mu Bushinwa GB zitemewe. Abaguzi bahitamo ibinyomoro bishingiye kumiterere yimikorere hamwe no kugenzura imiti igabanya ubukana: ibirimo sulfure Ntibisanzwe cyangwa bingana na 0.03%, hamwe na fosifore nibyuma biremereye cyane. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gutoranya ibikoresho ni ibi bikurikira:
Hejuru - gutwika imyanda yubushyuhe (dogere 900–1150): 1.4848 (GX40CrNiSi25 {{}
Hagati - ubushyuhe bwo hejuru biomass yaka: 1.4845 (X15CrNiSi25 - 20/31)
Hagati - ubushyuhe bwinganda: 1.4835 (G {{}
Ibicuruzwa byose byoherejwe hanze bigomba guherekezwa nindimi ebyiri Ikidage - Icyemezo cyibikoresho byicyongereza, raporo yisesengura ryerekanwe hamwe na - raporo yubushakashatsi bwakozwe mubushyuhe. Inyandiko ya tekiniki ituzuye izavamo kunanirwa kwemerwa.
2. Impamyabushobozi iteganijwe yo gutangirwa gasutamo no kwakira imishinga
Kwemeza gasutamo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kwiyandikisha muri CE n’imishinga yo gupiganira amasoko byubahiriza ibyangombwa bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yemeze abaguzi b'Abadage:
PED 2014/68 / Ibikoresho byuburayi byubahirizwa: Sisitemu yuzuye ya grate isaba NB - icyemezo cyamenyeshejwe CE; kugiti cya buri muntu agomba gutanga PED 4.3 ibyemezo byubahiriza ibikoresho. Hatariho ibyangombwa byemewe, abaguzi ntibashobora kurangiza kwandikisha ibikoresho muri rusange no gutangiza isoko.
SHAKA kubahiriza: SVHC ibintu bigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 0.1%. Buri mwaka raporo y'ibizamini ivugururwa hamwe n’ikidage - Ururimi Urupapuro rwumutekano (SDS) ni itegeko kwirinda ifungwa rya gasutamo n’ibihano bigenga.
Impamyabumenyi ihanitse yo hejuru - Imishinga irangiye: Icyemezo cya TÜV hamwe nicyemezo cyumutekano wa GS bizwi cyane mumasoko manini yo gutwika no mumishinga ya leta, byerekana ko - urwego rwizewe rutanga isoko.
3. Ibyangombwa bya tekiniki: Bihujwe byuzuye nubuhanga bwubudage bwihariye
Ibyuma bitumizwa mu mahanga bigomba gutangwa hamwe n’ikidage - verisiyo ya tekiniki, imikorere isanzwe hamwe n’imfashanyigisho, hamwe n’inyandiko zo kubara amashyuza. Kwihanganirana gukurikiza neza DIN ISO 2768.Gupakira ibiti bigomba gutwara ibimenyetso bya IPPC byemewe. Inyandiko zose z'ubucuruzi na tekiniki zigomba gutangwa mu ndimi ebyiri Ikidage - Icyongereza kugira ngo gikureho kwangwa na gasutamo, guhagarika ibikoresho ndetse n’ingaruka zo kwakira imishinga biterwa na dosiye zidahuye -.
III. Urwego rwo gutanga amasoko ku isi yose: Urwego rwoherejwe na Logic y'abaguzi b'Abadage
Isoko ryo gushimangira Ubudage rishyigikiwe na sisitemu eshatu zikuze zitangwa. Abaguzi bahitamo abatanga ibyiciro ukurikije urwego ukurikije umushinga, imiterere yimikorere ningengo yimari, hamwe nisoko risobanutse neza nimbaraga zitandukanye:
1
Ibirango by’Abadage birimo Martin na SBE biranga ibyemezo byuzuye, sisitemu ihanitse kandi ihamye mu mikorere, yiganje mu gutwika amakomine manini n’imishinga ngenderwaho. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, bigarukira kubiciro bihendutse, ibiciro byo kwihitiramo byinshi hamwe nigihe cyamezi 3-6 igice cyigihe cyo kuyobora, bigatuma bidakwiriye kubungabungwa byihutirwa hamwe nicyemezo cyo gusimbuza ibice.
2. Ibirango byabayapani & koreya: Hagati - Inyongera yisoko ryo murwego hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo guhangana
Ibicuruzwa byabayapani nabanyakoreya bifata tekinoroji yo gukora ikuze hamwe nuburyo bwuzuye bwo kubahiriza, nyamara bikababazwa nigiciro kinini cyumusaruro kandi nta nyungu zibiciro. Kubura itandukaniro ryibanze ryikoranabuhanga, bakorera gusa hagati - imishinga yisoko hamwe no kugabanya imigabane yisoko.
3. Abashinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze: Bayobora Igice cyo Gusimbuza na Aftermarket
Ubushinwa bwahindutse isoko y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu Budage. Urutonde rwarwo kandi rwiza - urwego rutanga isoko rutanga ibyifuzo byuzuye bitandukanye:
Hejuru - kurangiza ababikora babishoboye: Yemejwe byuzuye hamwe na CE, PED na TÜV impamyabumenyi, ishoboye gutanga sisitemu yuzuye. Ibicuruzwa byabo bihamye hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi byegereye amahame mpuzamahanga yambere hamwe nibyiza byingenzi byigiciro, nibyiza kubikorwa bishya byubatswe bito n'ibiciriritse.
Umwuga nyamukuru wibanze. Umwanya muto wiminsi 15-30 uyobora neza bihuye neza no kubungabunga byihutirwa hamwe nicyiciro - by - byifuzo byo gusimbuza icyiciro, bigashyigikira ubufatanye burambye - igihe kirekire hamwe ninganda zita kubudage.
Ntabwo yujuje ibyangombwa - inganda zanyuma: Kurushanwa gusa kubiciro biri hasi nta cyemezo cyemewe cyangwa kugenzura ibintu bisanzwe, ibicuruzwa byabo bikunda gucika no kwangirika, bitera umutekano muke nibibazo byubahirizwa. Bakuweho rwose muburyo bwo gutanga amasoko mubudage.
Kubaguzi babadage babigize umwuga, agaciro kingenzi kubatanga isoko ryizewe mubushinwaDIN kubahiriza, imiterere ihamye yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire, igihe gihamye cyo kuyobora no gukora neza, kwishura neza ibiciro bihanitse no gutinda gutinda kubirango byubudage bwaho.
IV. Amasoko yingenzi yo gutanga amasoko Kubabaza & Amabwiriza yo kwirinda ibyago byo kwirinda
Ukurikije igihe kirekire - imyitozo yo mu Budage itumizwa mu mahanga, hafi amakimbirane yose y’ubucuruzi, kunanirwa ibikoresho ndetse n’ingaruka za gasutamo bituruka ku mpamyabumenyi zidahagije z’abatanga isoko, kudahuza tekinike no kugenzura ubuziranenge butujuje ubuziranenge. Ingingo z'ingenzi zishobora guterwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:
Ibikoresho - ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa.
Inyandiko zuzuye zuzuye: Kubura ibyemezo bya PED 4.3 cyangwa REACH biganisha ku kwandikisha ibikoresho byananiranye, gufunga gasutamo hamwe no guta agaciro no kugorora.
Imiterere ihindagurika.
Amadosiye ya tekiniki atuzuye: Kutagira inyandiko ya tekiniki ya German - na raporo yo kubara ubushyuhe bwo kwagura ubushyuhe byananiye ibipimo by’ubudage byemewe, bigatuma ibikoresho bitaboneka.
Gutanga bidahungabana na nyuma - inkunga yo kugurisha: Gutinda kenshi gutangwa, ingingo za garanti zidasobanutse ninkunga yo gusimbuza buhoro bitera ibikoresho igihe kirekire kandi igihombo cyubukungu.
V. Ibipimo byo gutoranya abaguzi mubudage nibyifuzo byubufatanye
Ibyemezo byamasoko yubudage birakomeye, amakuru - atwarwa kandi maremare - ijambo ryibanze. Isuzuma ryibanze ryibanze ni:Icyemezo cyo kubahiriza> ituze ryibintu> imiterere yakazi guhuza n'imikorere> ubushobozi bwo gutanga> igiciro, kwanga byimazeyo - ubuziranenge, hasi - icyitegererezo cyubufatanye.
Amakipe yo kugura abadage babigize umwuga ashyira imbere ubufatanye bukomeye - n’ingamba zifatika n’inganda zo mu Bushinwa zifite ubushobozi bwibanze bukurikira:
Sisitemu yuzuye yo kubahiriza.
Imiterere yihariye - ishingiye kubintu byiza.
Gutanga bihamye hamwe na garanti yizewe.
Umusaraba wabigize umwuga - itumanaho ryumupaka.
VI. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ry'Ubudage bw'isoko ryo gutumiza mu mahanga
Hamwe na politiki y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’imiterere y’amasoko y’inganda mu Budage, isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Budage ryerekana inzira eshatu zifatika z’iterambere:
1. Kuzamuka kurwego rwo kubahiriza byihutisha icyiciro - kubushobozi butujuje ubuziranenge
Kuvugurura guhoraho kumabwiriza ya REACH na PED, hamwe nuburyo bukomeye bw’umupaka wa karuboni w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bizakuraho abatanga ibyangombwa, mu gihe ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge - bizakomeza kwagura umugabane wabo ku isoko.
2. Kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibisabwa bihinduka isoko nyamukuru yisoko
Ubudage bunini bwashyizwemo ibikoresho byo gutwika no gushyushya butanga igihe kirekire -, igihe gihamye kandi cyaciwemo ibice byo gusimbuza, ibyo bikaba bikenewe ku isoko rikomeye.
3. Kwibanda kumasoko bigenda bihinduka mubushinwa babishoboye
Hamwe no kubahiriza byuzuye, ubuziranenge buhamye hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ibicuruzwa byo mu Bushinwa bitanga umusaruro ushimishije ndetse nigihe gito cyo kuyobora, buhoro buhoro bisimbuza Abadage baho n’Abayapani - Abanyakoreya hagati - ibisubizo by’ibisubizo kandi bihinduka isoko nyamukuru yo gutanga isoko ku Budage.
