Inyobozo yo Guhitamo Ibikoresho Kubushyuhe - Kurwanya ibyuma birwanya ibyuma: Ikidage gisanzwe nu gipimo cy’Ubushinwa, Isesengura ryuzuye kuva mu miterere kugeza ku kazi

Mugihe kinini - ubushyuhe bwinganda, ubuzima bwa serivisi, ituze, nigiciro - imbaraga zubushyuhe - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma biterwa ahanini no guhitamo ibikoresho. Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza birashobora kugera ku "ishoramari rimwe -, igihe kirekire - cy'amahoro yo mu mutima," wirinda gusimburwa kenshi, ibikoresho byo hasi, hamwe n’imyanda iterwa no kudahuza ibintu. Ndetse nubukorikori buhebuje, ibikoresho bitari byo bizarwana no guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwangirika, no kwambara.

Nkumushinga utanga isoko ufite uburambe bwimyaka 20 mubushuhe - inganda zitera ibyuma birwanya ibyuma, Qingyun Hongsheng Machinery Accessories Co., Ltd. kuva kera yateraga inkunga ibikoresho byibanze muri metallurgie, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, imiti, ibikoresho byubwubatsi nizindi nganda, kandi ifite ubuhanga mubiranga no gukoresha ibintu byose byubushyuhe busanzwe bwubushinwa nu Budage -. Iyi ngingo izatandukanya cyane ibikoresho bisanzwe byigishinwa nu Budage bisanzwe mubipimo bine: ibice bigize ibintu, ibipimo ngenderwaho, imiterere yimiterere yimiterere, hamwe n’imitego yo guhitamo, bifasha abakora inganda guhitamo neza no kwirinda inzira. Muri icyo gihe, itanga ibisubizo byumwuga byabigenewe kugirango bifashe ibigo kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikorere.

I. Ikibanza Cyibanze: Kuki Guhitamo Ubushyuhe - Ibikoresho byo Kurwanya Ibyuma Bikomeye?

Agaciro kingenzi k'ubushyuhe - kwangirika kwicyuma ni ugukomeza kurwanya okiside ihamye, imbaraga - imbaraga zubushyuhe, guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa mubushuhe bwo hejuru - ahantu hafite ubushyuhe bwa dogere 450 - 1200. Itandukaniro muriyi miterere ahanini riterwa nuburinganire butandukanye bwibintu bivangwa (chromium, nikel, silicon, molybdenum, nibindi) mubikoresho. Ibiri mu bintu bitandukanye bivangavanze bigena mu buryo butaziguye imipaka yo hejuru y’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi ya casting.

Mubimenyerezo, twahuye nibibazo byinshi biterwa no guhitamo ibintu bitari byo: kurugero, gukoresha ubushyuhe busanzwe - ibyuma birwanya (nka ZGCr28) mumatanura yo kuvura ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 1100 bizatera okiside no gucika mumezi 1 - 2; ukoresheje ibikoresho bisanzwe byabashinwa 2010 mumiterere ya gaze ya sulfure irimo gaz bizatera kwangirika mumezi 3, ntabwo byongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga gusa ahubwo binadindiza gahunda yumusaruro.

Kubwibyo, ishingiro ryibanze ryo guhitamo ibikoresho ni:guhuza imikorere yubushyuhe, ibidukikije biciriritse, nimbaraga zo kwikorera, no guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiranye ukurikije ibisabwa n'umushinga (imbere / kohereza hanze) hamwe ningengo yimari, aho gukurikirana buhumyi "hejuru - iherezo" cyangwa "igiciro gito -".

II. Inzira nyamukuru yubushinwa busanzwe - Ibikoresho birwanya ibyuma (Bikunzwe kumishinga yo murugo, Igiciro kinini - Guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere)

Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwubushinwa - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma bikozwe hifashishijwe GB / T 8492 - 2014. Kwita izina ibikoresho bitangirana na "ZG" (ibyuma bikozwe), bigakurikirwa nibirimo ibintu bivanga. Birakwiriye mubikorwa byinshi byinganda zo murugo, hamwe nigiciro cyihariye - gukora neza, gutanga amasoko byoroshye, kandi byihuse nyuma y - igisubizo cyagurishijwe. Ibikurikira nisesengura ryimbitse ryibikoresho 3 bikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa:

(I) ZG40Cr25Ni20Si2 (bakunze kwita ibintu 2520)

Ibigize.

Hejuru - Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa dogere 1200, uburebure - ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya dogere 1050. Filime yuzuye ya Cr₂O₃ ikorwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi, ikarinda neza okisijene kwinjira kandi ikarwanya okiside ikomeye cyane;

Ibiranga ingenzi.

Ibisabwa.

Imiterere y'akazi.

Ubuzima bwa serivisi.

.

Ibigize.

Hejuru - Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa dogere 1100, uburebure - ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya dogere 950, kurwanya okiside nziza, imbaraga zihamye mubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ntibyoroshye koroshya no guhindura;

Ibiranga ingenzi.

Ibisabwa: Gushonga ubushyuhe bwa dogere 1480-1520, nta kuvura bigoye gukenewe, kuzimya bisanzwe + ubushyuhe birahagije, umusaruro mwinshi hamwe nigihe gito cyo gutanga;

Imiterere y'akazi: Itanura rya feri ya metallurgiki, ibyuma byo gutwika ibyuma, imiyoboro itanga imiti, - ibyuka byubushyuhe hamwe nu munyururu wa convoyeur mu nganda zubaka ibikoresho, imiyoboro ya gazi ya gazi mu nganda z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi biciriritse kandi birebire - byerekana ubushyuhe bwa dogere 800-1000;

Ubuzima bwa serivisi: Mubihe bisanzwe byakazi, ubuzima bwa serivisi burashobora kugera kumezi 6-12, bikwiranye nimishinga yo murugo ititaye kubiciro n'ubushyuhe bwo hagati.

(III) ZGCr28.

Ibigize.

Hejuru - Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa dogere 1000, uburebure - ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya dogere 850, kurwanya okiside yo hagati, ubukana bwinshi ku bushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara;

Ibiranga ingenzi.

Ibisabwa: Uburyo bwo gushonga biroroshye cyane, nta mpamvu yo kongeramo ibintu bya nikel bihenze, igiciro gito cyumusaruro, kibereye umusaruro mwinshi;

Imiterere y'akazi.

Ubuzima bwa serivisi: Mubihe bisanzwe byakazi, ubuzima bwa serivisi burashobora kugera kumezi 3-6, bikwiranye na ssenarios hamwe no kugenzura ibiciro bikomeye kandi byemewe gusimburwa.

III. Inzira nyamukuru Ubudage Bwashyushye - Ibikoresho birwanya ibyuma (Bikunzwe kubikorwa byohereza hanze, mpuzamahanga ku rwego mpuzamahanga)

Ubudage busanzwe Ubudage - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bwa DIN 17445.Izina ryitangiriro ritangirana na "X", hagakurikiraho ibikubiye mubintu bivanga. Bafite imenyekanisha mpuzamahanga, kugenzura neza ibihimbano, kandi birakwiriye koherezwa mu mahanga mu Burayi, mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya no mu tundi turere, cyane cyane ku bihe bya nyuma - birangira bisabwa cyane ku mikorere n’ibipimo ngenderwaho. Ibikurikira ni muri - isesengura ryimbitse ryibikoresho 2 bikoreshwa cyane mubudage nubusabane bujyanye nibikoresho bisanzwe byubushinwa:

(I) 1.4841 (X15CrNiSi25 {{3} 21)

Ibigize (Kugereranya nu gishinwa gisanzwe 2520). itandukaniro ryibanze ni munsi ya karubone, ibintu bisukuye hamwe n’umwanda muke;

Hejuru - Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa dogere 1150, uburebure - ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya dogere 1050 (cyane cyane bihuye nubushinwa 2520), ariko birwanya ubukana bwa karburisiyumu, kurwanya ruswa hagati y’imiterere, hamwe no gukomera neza ku bushyuhe bwinshi;

Inyungu Zibanze. ibintu byinshi bisukuye, ntibyoroshye kubyimba no kumeneka kubushyuhe bwinshi, bikwiranye nigihe kirekire - igihe gikomeza umusaruro;

Ibisabwa: Emera uburyo bwo gushonga vacuum kugirango ugenzure neza ibirimo umwanda, kandi ugenzure neza ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kuri dogere 1050-1100 kugirango umenye imikorere imwe kandi ihamye;

Imiterere y'akazi.

Itandukaniro nu gishinwa gisanzwe 2520: Ibigize birasa cyane, kandi birashobora guhinduka mubikorwa byinshi byakazi; icyakora, 1.4841 ifite karubone nkeya kandi ifite isuku nyinshi, kandi igiciro kiri 15% - 20% hejuru yubushinwa busanzwe 2520, bukwiranye n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa imishinga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

(II) 1.4837 (X12CrNi23 {{3} 21)

Ibigize Byibanze (Kugereranya nu gishinwa gisanzwe 2010). byinshi bisobanutse neza, birwanya okiside nziza hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro;

Hejuru - Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi 1050 dogere, uburebure - ubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya dogere 950 (bihuye nu gipimo cy’Ubushinwa 2010), ariko byiza cyane - ubukana bw’ubushyuhe, bushobora kwihanganira inshuro nyinshi guhinduranya ubushyuhe n'imbeho, kandi ntibyoroshye gucika;

Inyungu Zibanze: Ukurikije amahame mpuzamahanga, raporo yuzuye yo kwipimisha (irashobora gutanga ibizamini bisanzwe bya EN), ibereye imishinga yohereza hanze; ibikoresho byiza bikomeye, imikorere itunganijwe neza, irashobora guhuza ibikenerwa byumusaruro udasanzwe -;

Ibisabwa: Hagati - gutunganya inshuro nyinshi + vacuum degassing kugirango ikureho umwanda hamwe nu byobo mu byuma byashongeshejwe, ubukana bumwe nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, no hejuru hejuru;

Imiterere y'akazi.

Itandukaniro nu gishinwa gisanzwe 2010.

IV. Imbonerahamwe Yibanze yo Kugereranya Igishinwa Nibikoresho Byubudage Bisanzwe (Biragaragara neza, Guhitamo Byihuse)

V . 3 Amahame remezo yo gutoranya ibikoresho (Urufunguzo rwo kwirinda imitego)

Abimenyereza benshi bakunda kugwa mu mutego wa "bihenze cyane ni byiza" cyangwa "Igipimo cy’Ubushinwa ntabwo ari cyiza nk’Ubudage" mugihe bahitamo ibikoresho. Mubyukuri, intandaro yo guhitamo ni "guhuza n'imihindagurikire". Guhuza amahame 3 akurikira birashobora kwirinda neza imitego:

Ihame rya 1: Fata Imiterere Yakazi Ubushyuhe nkibanze shingiro (Byingenzi)

Ubushyuhe bugena neza guhitamo ibikoresho. Iyo umaze kurenza uburebure - igihe cya serivisi yubushyuhe bwibikoresho, gukina bizahita bihindura okiside, byoroshe kandi bisenyuke:

Munsi ya dogere 800: Icyambere gihabwa ZGCr28, kiri hasi - igiciro, sulfure - irwanya kandi yambara - irwanya, yujuje ibyangombwa by'ibanze -;

Impamyabumenyi 800-1000: Hitamo ZG30Cr20Ni10 (Igishinwa gisanzwe) cyangwa 1.4837 (Ikidage gisanzwe) kugirango uhuze imikorere nigiciro;

Hejuru ya dogere 1000: Hitamo ZG40Cr25Ni20Si2 (Igishinwa gisanzwe) cyangwa 1.4841 (Ikidage)

Ihame rya 2: Huza Ibidukikije Hagati kandi urebe Kurwanya Ruswa

Amazi ya sufuru - arimo gaze ya flux na sulfure - ikubiyemo ibikoresho: Ibyingenzi bihabwa ibikoresho bya - ibikoresho bya chromium (ZGCr28) kugirango birinde kwangirika;

Acide - ibidukikije byangirika: Hitamo ibikoresho - ibikoresho bya nikel (2520 / 1.4841) kugirango ukore firime yuzuye ya oxyde kandi irwanye ruswa;

Ibidukikije bya Carburizing (nk'itanura ryo kuvura ubushyuhe): Hitamo igipimo cy’Ubudage 1.4841 cyangwa Ubushinwa busanzwe 2520, bufite imbaraga zo kurwanya karburizasi kandi wirinde kwinjiza ibintu.

Ihame rya 3: Huza Ibisabwa Umushinga nigiciro cyo Kuringaniza no gukora

Imishinga yo murugo, igiciro - yoroheje, nta bisabwa bidasanzwe: Hitamo ibikoresho bisanzwe byubushinwa (2520/2010 / ZGCr28), bifite igiciro kinini - gukora neza kandi byoroshye nyuma ya - serivisi yo kugurisha;

Imishinga yohereza hanze, ibisabwa muburayi, ibisabwa - ibintu byanyuma: Hitamo ibikoresho bisanzwe byubudage (1.4841 / 1.4837), bifite ibizamini byuzuye kandi bizwi mpuzamahanga;

Umutwaro uremereye, uhinduranya kenshi ubushyuhe nubukonje: Hitamo ibikoresho 2520 / 1.4841, bifite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro no kurwanya deformasiyo, kandi byongere ubuzima bwa serivisi.

VI. Ibibazo Rusange Ibibazo nibisubizo (Gukemura Ingingo zibabaza, Ibisubizo nyabyo)

Q1: Kuki igiciro cyibikoresho 2520 (ZG40Cr25Ni20Si2) kiri hejuru cyane yubushyuhe busanzwe - ibyuma birwanya?

A1: Hariho impamvu ebyiri zingenzi:

Cost Igiciro kinini cyo kwisiga: ibikoresho 2520 birimo chromium hafi 25% na nikel 20%. Nickel nicyuma cyagaciro gifite ihindagurika ryinshi ryibiciro, bingana na 60% yikiguzi cyibikoresho;

Requirements Ibisabwa murwego rwo hejuru: Irakeneye gukoresha inzira zigoye nko gutunganya - gutunganya inshuro nyinshi, gukonjesha buhoro, hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe bukabije - kugirango ukureho umwanda, ukureho imihangayiko yimbere, kandi wirinde kumeneka, bikavamo umusaruro muremure no gutakaza byinshi. Nyamara, mugihe kirekire, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho 2520 burenze inshuro 5 zubushyuhe busanzwe - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma, bishobora kugabanya inshuro zasimbuwe, amafaranga yo kubungabunga no gutakaza igihe, kandi bikaba bihendutse - bikora neza mugihe kirekire -.

Q2: Ubudage busanzwe 1.4841 hamwe nubushinwa 2520 bushobora guhinduka rwose?

A2: Birashobora guhinduranya mubihe byinshi byakazi kuko chromium na nikel zirimo ahanini ni kimwe, kandi imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru - ntabwo itandukanye cyane. Ariko, hari ibintu bibiri aho guhinduranya bidasabwa:

① Ku mishinga yoherezwa mu Burayi, hashyirwa imbere 1.4841, yujuje ubuziranenge bwa EU DIN, ifite abakiriya benshi, kandi isaba raporo y'ibizamini bijyanye;

② Kubireba ibintu bifite karburizasi ikabije no kwangirika hagati yisi, 1.4841 ifite imyuka ya karubone nkeya kandi ifite isuku ryinshi, kandi irwanya imbaraga za karburisiyasi, bigatuma ikwiranye nakazi keza. Turashobora kubyara ibikoresho byombi kandi tugatanga ibitekerezo byukuri byo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere dukurikije umushinga w'abakiriya.

Q3: Usibye ibikoresho, ni ibihe bintu bindi bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo?

A3: Ibikoresho nibyo shingiro, ariko ingingo 3 zikurikira ntizishobora kwirengagizwa:

Process Uburyo bwo gukina: Gutora neza birashobora kwemeza neza (± 0.5mm), kwirinda gutunganya kabiri, no kugabanya ibibazo byubushakashatsi;

Process Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe: kuzimya bisanzwe + ubushyuhe burashobora gukuraho imihangayiko yimbere no kunoza ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa casting;

Strength Imbaraga zabakora: Abakora isoko barashobora gutanga raporo yipimisha ryibikoresho no kugenzura ibikorwa, byemejwe nyuma ya serivise yo kugurisha -, bakirinda kugura "ibikoresho byimpimbano" (nko kugabanya nikel na chromium kugirango ibicuruzwa bitarenze urugero - bifite ireme).

Q4: Kuki ibintu byinshi - ibikoresho bya chromium (ZGCr28) bishobora kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi nta nikel?

A4: Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru - ibikoresho bya chromium ahanini bishingiye kubintu bya chromium. Iyo chromium igeze kuri 26% - 30%, firime yuzuye ya Cr₂O₃ oxyde ikorwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi, ikabuza ogisijeni kwinjira, bityo ikagera kuri okiside kandi ikarwanya -. Nyamara, kubera kubura nikel, imbaraga zayo zo hejuru - hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro ntabwo ari byiza nkibikoresho 2520 / 1.4841, kandi irashobora guhuza gusa na ssenariyo iri munsi ya dogere 800 hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi bugufi, bikwiranye nigiciro gito - hamwe nubushyuhe buke.

VII. Amakopi yo Kwamamaza (Inkomoko Yumushinga, Kwimenyereza umwuga, Kugabanya Ibiciro no Kunoza imikorere)

Impuguke mu bushyuhe - Ibikoresho byo gutera ibyuma birwanya|Urutonde rwuzuye rwo kwihindura kubipimo byubushinwa nu Budage, Guhangayikishwa - Guhitamo kubuntu. Igifuniko Cyuzuye: 2520/2010 / ZGCr28 / 1.4841 / 1.4837, Guhitamo Ibikoresho Kubisabwa. Ubukorikori Bwuzuye: Hagati - Gutunganya inshuro nyinshi + Hejuru - Kuvura Ubushyuhe Bwuzuye + Byuzuye - Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikorwa, Nta mwobo wo mu kirere, nta mwobo w’umucanga, imikorere ihamye. Serivise y'Ubuntu: Amabwiriza yo Guhitamo Ibikoresho, Gushushanya Optimisiyoneri, Isesengura ry'imiterere y'akazi Isesengura ry'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, Kugufasha kwirinda imitego no kugabanya ibiciro. Inkomoko yinkomoko: Nta bahuza, Igiciro Cyagabanutseho 20% - 30%, Kugabanuka kwinshi kubigura byinshi. Gutanga Byihuse: Ibice bisanzwe mububiko, Non - Ibice bisanzwe byatanzwe muminsi 7 - Iminsi 15, Ibicuruzwa byihutirwa birashobora kwihuta. Ubwishingizi Bwiza: Buri cyiciro gitanga Spectral Detection na Non - Raporo yikizamini cyangiza, garanti yamezi 12, garanti yubusa nyuma yo kugurisha.

Hamwe nuburambe bwimyaka 20 mubushyuhe - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma, dukorera inganda zinganda zirenga 500 kwisi yose, duhuza nubushyuhe bwo hejuru - ubushyuhe bwakazi muri metallurgie, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, imiti, ibikoresho byubwubatsi nizindi nganda. Waba wahisemo Igishinwa cyimishinga yo murugo cyangwa Ikidage gisanzwe kumishinga yohereza hanze, turashobora gutanga - kugeza - igisubizo kimwe cyabigenewe, amagambo ya tekiniki yubusa no gushushanya neza. Kanda kugirango ubaze kandi ubone - ubuziranenge nigiciro - ubushyuhe bwiza - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma!